产品介绍
井口油、套管螺纹在线加工（不动火井口修补）技术
On-line processing technology of wellhead tubing and casing threads (wellhead repair without firing)
技术简介
Technical introduction
随着采油井的老龄化和注气等措施井的实施，井口油、套管产生腐蚀、损坏的现象日益增多，管螺纹的腐蚀成为井口实际承压能力下降或失效的主要原因，已成为隐患，严重威胁生产及人身和财产的，已经因此而诱发过严重事故。对废弃和锈蚀井口的工作，已经引起重视切刻不容缓。
With the aging of production wells and the implementation of gas injection measures, the corrosion and damage of wellhead oil and casing are increasing, and the corrosion of pipe thread has become the main reason for the decline or failure of the actual pressure bearing capacity of the wellhead, which has become a potential safety hazard, seriously threatening the safety of production, personal and national property, and has led to serious accidents. Attention has been paid to the repair of abandoned and rusted wellheads, which is of great urgency.
采油井口周围属于高爆环境，对井口部件进行动火切割、焊接风险很大，高温焊接会改变油、套管的金属结构，降低其焊口附近的强度和耐腐蚀性，更换的工作量大且费用高。因此，利用冷加工技术在线切除废管段、再实施管螺纹加工的方法，将成为井口在线快速更新工作的不二选项。
The environment around the oil production wellhead is highly explosive, so it is very risky to cut and weld the wellhead components with fire. High-temperature welding will change the metal structure of the tubing and casing, reduce the strength and corrosion resistance near the welded junction, and the replacement workload is large and the cost is high. Therefore, the method of using cold working technology to cut the waste pipe section online and then implement pipe thread processing will become the best choice for online rapid repair and renewal of wellhead.
由中国石油大学（华东）相关人员做技术指导，以石油行业相关标准为依据，以实际现场施工环境约束为背景，以简单实用、高质为目标，研制的管螺纹在线车削及与其配合应用的内、外冷加工断管技术装置，在各种模拟和现场实验中达到设计要求，获得满意效果，已获得发明专利授权。通过不断升级改造，功能更完善、稳定的升级技术套装已完成设计和研制。
Under the technical guidance of the relevant personnel of China University of Petroleum (East China), based on the relevant standards of the petroleum industry, taking the constraints of the actual construction environment as the background, and aiming at simplicity, practicality, high qua lity and safety, the technical device for on-line turning of pipe threads and the internal and external cold processing of pipe breaking has been developed, which meets the design requirements in various simulations and field experiments. Satisfactory results have been achieved, and the national invention patent has been authorized. Through continuous upgrading and transformation, the design and development of a more functional and stable upgrade technology package has been completed.
套 装 功 能
Package function
井口在线技术（不动火）套装，主要由套管内单向锚封器、液压驱动的内冷切断管器、外冷切断管器、管螺纹在线车削设备、变频液压站、管螺纹密封性检测套装、系列常用扣规、四合一监测预警仪及配套专用工具组成，根据现场实际情况，担负着不同施工阶段的不同工作任务。变频液压站放置在QHSE规定的，以井口为圆心的风险区外的区侧风口或上风口处，用软高压管线连接驱动套管内切断管器、套管外切断管器、管螺纹在线车削机等设备工作。
The invention relates to a wellhead on-line repair technology (without fire) suit, which mainly comprises a one-way anchor sealing device in a casing, a hydraulically driven internal cooling pipe cutting device, an external cooling pipe cutting device, a pipe thread on-line turning device, a frequency conversion hydraulic station, a pipe thread tightness detection suit, a series of common buckle gauges, a four-in-one monitoring and early warning instrument and a matched special tool. It undertakes different tasks in different construction stages.The frequency conversion hydraulic station is placed at the side air port or the upper air port of the safety area outside the risk area with the wellhead as the center of the circle as specified by QHSE, and is connected with the soft high-pressure pipeline to drive the pipe cutting device inside the casing, the pipe cutting device outside the casing, the pipe thread online turning machine and other equipment to work.
施 工 条 件
Construction conditions
井口修缮是一个复杂的高风险施工过程，施工操作和施工质量须规范达标，施工流程须按预案有条不紊进行。施工前要做好对井口周围的清理工作等，建立良好的施工环境。
Wellhead repair is a complex high-risk construction process, the construction operation and construction quality must be standardized, and the construction process must be carried out in an orderly manner according to the plan. Before construction, clean up the surroundings of the wellhead and establish a good and safe construction environment.
1、拆除井口采油树之前，须对井筒进行封隔处理，建议搭桥塞，也可在预施工管段下部，加装单向锚封器；
1. Before removing the Christmas tree at the wellhead, the wellbore must be packed. It is recommended to install a bridging plug or a one-way anchor seal at the lower part of the pre-construction pipe section;
2、对井口周围进行土方清理，以井口为圆心，直径不小于2m，深度不小于设计施工面以下0.8m；
2. The earthwork around the wellhead shall be cleared, with the wellhead as the center of the circle, the diameter shall not be less than 2m, and the depth shall not be less than 0.8m below the design construction surface;
3、疏通安全通道，不得交叉作业，检测施工环境的有害气体是否达标。
3. Dredge the safe passage, do not cross operation, and check whether the harmful gases in the construction environment meet the standards.
工 艺 流 程
Process flow
为确保施工安、全高、质顺利的进行，须进行现场考察，根据实际情况制定施工预案及异常情况预防预案，按预案进行逐步施工。
1、搭桥塞或加装单向锚封器；
2、对井口周围进行土方清理，建立施工环境；
3、检测施工环境的有害气体是否达标；
4、检测设备套装是否状态良好；
5、拆除井口采油树等井口设备；
6、检察、清洁施工对象；
7、对施工全过程进行有害气体监测，异常停工上报处理；
8、安装内冷切断管器，进行油层套管切割，断管卸载；
9、安装外切断管器，进行技术套管或表层套管切割、倒角；
10、安装管螺纹车削机，按设计要求进行管螺纹车削加工，喷洒切削液；
11、用对应规格的扣规检测新加工的螺纹是否合规；
12、连接管螺纹密封性检测套装，对螺纹进行现场保压检测；
13、安装套管头、井口采油树及防喷器，涂抹好管螺纹密封脂（丝扣油）；
14、查看套管内单向锚封器的毛细管压力表，观测井下压力是否异常；
15、无异常拆除套管内单向锚封器、回收套装，施工完毕撤离现场；
16、建立施工技术档案；
In order to ensure safe, safe and high-quality construction, site inspection must be carried out first, construction plan and abnormal situation prevention plan shall be formulated according to the actual situation, and construction shall be carried out step by step according to the plan.
1. Bridge plug or one-way anchor sealer;
2. Clean earthwork around the wellhead and establish the construction environment;
3. Check whether the harmful gases in the construction environment are up to the standard;
4. Check whether the equipment set is in good condition;
5. Remove wellhead equipment such as wellhead Christmas tree;
6. Inspect and clean construction object;
7. Monitor the harmful gas in the whole construction process, and report the abnormal shutdown for treatment;
8. Install the internal cooling pipe cutter to cut the oil-string casing and unload the broken pipe;
9. Install the external pipe cutter to cut and chamfer the technical casing or surface casing;
10. Install the pipe thread turning machine, turn the pipe thread according to the design requirements, and spray the cutting fluid;
11. Check whether the newly processed thread is compliant with the buckle gauge of the corresponding specification;
12. Connecting pipe thread tightness detection kit, for on-site pressure maintaining detection of threads;
13. Install the casing head, wellhead Christmas tree and BOP, and apply the pipe thread sealing grease (thread oil);
14. Check the capillary pressure gauge of the one-way anchor in the casing and observe whether the downhole pressure is abnormal;
15. If there is no abnormality, remove the one-way anchor seal and recovery sleeve in the casing, and evacuate from the site after the construction is completed;
16. Establish construction technical files;
现 场 施 工 案 例
On-site construction case
2023年4月28日，在新疆油田准东采油厂，对探井作业区的B5004井，进行了133/8″表层套管的锈蚀段切除和8牙/吋圆型管螺纹车削施工。使其完成了套管头及井口更换工作而复产。
On April 28, 2023, in Zhundong Oil Production Plant of Xinjiang Oilfield, the corroded section of 133/8 "surface casing was cut off and 8 threads/hour round pipe thread was turned for B5004 well in the exploration well operation area. It completed the replacement of casing head and wellhead and resumed production.
2024年5月3日，在新疆油田魔鬼城附近，对富成能源FHW7004L小修井的95/8″技术套管，进行了现场外断管和8牙/吋圆型管螺纹车削施工。使其完成了套管头及井口更新及工作。
On May 3, 2024, in the vicinity of Devil City of Xinjiang Oilfield, the technical casing 95/8 "of FHW7004L small workover well of Fucheng Energy was subject to on-site pipe breaking and 8-thread/hour round pipe thread turning. And that update and repairing work of the case head and the wellhead are perfectly completed.
自2024年10月末开始，先后在新疆油田红浅区块完成了9口井的现场管螺纹车削修复工作。现场需要分别进行油层套管螺纹加工、油层套管和表层套管同车及现场油层套管、技术套管及表层套管同车施工，8牙/吋圆螺纹和5牙/吋偏梯扣螺纹按需调配。
Since the end of October 2024, the field pipe thread turning repair work of 9 wells has been completed successively in Hongqian Block of Xinjiang Oilfield. Oil string casing thread processing, oil string casing and surface casing construction in the same vehicle, oil string casing, technical casing and surface casing construction in the same vehicle shall be carried out on site, and 8 threads/hour round thread and 5 threads/hour partial ladder thread shall be deployed as required.
